Many people describe an engine as an air pump and say "more air in + more air out = more power". I like to say "more oxygen in + more exhaust out = more power", because what we really want is the maximum amount of oxygen in the combustion chamber that's possible.
What is a little misleading with this equation is that under ideal conditions nitrogen does not react during combustion and just passes through the chemical reaction. If you increase the amount of oxygen you must increase the amount of fuel, which in turn increases the amount of combustion
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